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What Causes Fatigue in Pregnancy and What Can Help?

by Samaira Farid,
Dr Shree Datta
Medically reviewed by Dr Shree Datta
A tired stressed pregnant woman resting at home.
Bloume content relating to health, wellbeing and nutrition has been reviewed and validated by relevant medical professionals in the UK, based on UK guidelines and practices applicable at the time of publication. Recommendations in other localities may differ from those found on our site and you should always seek the guidance or advice of relevant healthcare professionals in your area.

The exhaustion that lands in the first weeks of pregnancy can feel out of proportion to anything you have done. It is a heaviness that sleep does not always fix, and one that is hard to explain to anyone who has not felt it. Fatigue is one of the most common parts of pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimesters, and what drives it shifts as the weeks go on. Knowing what sits behind your tiredness, and what helps with each cause, lets you respond to your body more accurately instead of pushing through something that is worth a closer look.1

Why the first trimester feels so draining

The tiredness in early pregnancy can feel closer to illness than ordinary tiredness, and it often arrives before there is any visible sign you are pregnant. A lot is happening at once. Progesterone, the hormone that rises in early pregnancy, climbs quickly. The placenta starts to form, and your blood volume goes up to supply it. All of that takes real energy, which is part of why you can feel so wiped out so early.2

For many pregnancies, energy picks back up in the second trimester. Your body settles into the hormonal shift, and the placenta becomes fully formed and takes over much of the hormonal work.7

Why fatigue returns in the third trimester

The tiredness in the third trimester feels different. This time it is more physical than hormonal. The extra weight you are carrying, backache, leg cramps, and the struggle to find a comfortable position all make deep, restful sleep harder to get. Waking through the night to wee adds to it. The broken sleep builds up, and the daytime tiredness tends to grow heavier as the weeks go on.3

When fatigue in pregnancy has another cause

Sometimes the tiredness is more than the usual workings of pregnancy. One condition in particular can leave you more drained, or drained for longer, than typical pregnancy fatigue.

Iron deficiency anaemia

If your tiredness feels heavy and hard to shake, low iron can be part of it. Iron deficiency anaemia is a common cause of pronounced fatigue in pregnancy. Your body needs more iron now to support a higher blood volume for both you and your baby. When your iron falls short of that, the tiredness can tip from draining into severe. You might also notice dizziness, breathlessness, or pale skin. Your midwife checks your blood count at routine antenatal appointments, but if the tiredness feels out of proportion, raise it with your GP or midwife rather than waiting for the next test.4

Broken sleep

Poor sleep is its own driver of daytime tiredness, on top of the hormonal and physical changes. Discomfort, getting up to wee, and an anxious mind can break up your sleep night after night. That shortfall builds and follows you into the day. Where you can do something about the disruption itself, it often makes a real difference to how you feel.9

What helps with pregnancy fatigue

For ordinary pregnancy tiredness, the things that help most often are rest, food, and gentle movement. Making sleep a priority, and resting in the day when you can, chips away at the shortfall. Eating regular, balanced meals in smaller, more frequent portions tends to keep your energy steadier than fewer big meals. Gentle movement like walking or swimming can ease tiredness, though it makes sense to dial the effort up or down depending on how you feel that day.5

When the tiredness comes from iron deficiency anaemia, the route is medical. Getting the right diagnosis matters.

When to speak to your GP or midwife

Call your GP or midwife if your tiredness is severe and sticks around, or if it comes with dizziness or pale skin (which can point to anaemia), or feelings of deep sadness or hopelessness (which can point to antenatal depression). Each of these is a good reason to get checked promptly.6

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources

  • [1] Tiredness and sleep problems in pregnancy

    Feeling tired or exhausted is very common during pregnancy, particularly during the first 12 weeks and in the third trimester

  • [2] Tiredness and sleep problems in pregnancy

    Early pregnancy fatigue is driven by major hormonal changes (rising progesterone) as the body adapts to support the developing baby.

  • [3] Tiredness and sleep problems in pregnancy

    Third-trimester tiredness is primarily due to the extra weight carried, physical discomfort, and broken sleep from frequent nighttime urination

  • [4] Tiredness and sleep problems in pregnancy

    Severe or unshakeable fatigue may be caused by iron deficiency anaemia, which requires a blood check and advice from a midwife or GP.

  • [5] Tiredness and sleep problems in pregnancy

    Advises managing general pregnancy fatigue through regular rest, balanced smaller meals, gentle exercise like walking or swimming, and medical treatment for underlying anaemia.

  • [6] Tiredness and sleep problems in pregnancy

    Contact a midwife or GP if fatigue is severe or persistent, if accompanied by signs of anaemia (dizziness or pale skin), or if accompanied by persistent low mood, sadness, or anxiety (antenatal depression) for prompt evaluation

  • [7] Fatigue During Pregnancy

    For many pregnancies, energy levels improve in the second trimester as the body adjusts to the hormonal shift and the placenta becomes fully formed.

  • [8] wales.nhs.uk

    From 28 weeks, sleeping on your side reduces the risk of stillbirth.

  • [9] wales.nhs.uk

    Poor sleep quality due to physical discomfort, anxiety, or frequent urination is a major contributor to daytime fatigue in pregnancy.